[137] In the 21st century, dictatorships have moved toward greater integration with the global community and increasingly attempt to present themselves as democratic. In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Communist dictatorships in the region aligned with China following the latter's establishment as a communist state. [130] One-party dictatorships are generally more stable and last longer than military or personalist dictatorships. [80] Italian dictator Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, and began implementing reforms in 1925 to create the first fascist dictatorship. Like right-wing, it is not a copyrighted term. [8]:456, The second distinction made is whether the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. Personalist dictatorships are more common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to less established institutions in the region. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. Dictatorship - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. Single-party dictatorships: 5. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. [94], Marxist and nationalist movements became popular in Southeast Asia as a response to colonial control and the subsequent Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia, with both ideologies facilitating the creation of dictatorships after World War II. 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That said, there are two important differences between dictatorships and autocracies. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all power lies in the hands of a single individual. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. Also, dictatorships . As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. [140] Elections are also used to control elites within the dictatorship by requiring them to compete with one another and incentivizing them to build support with the populace, allowing the most popular and most competent elites to be promoted in the regime. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. Epidemic of First World War After the first world war, countries got disturbed to conduct democratic governments and managements. [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. Too Much Power. In fact, most dictators adopt common appellations such as "President" or "Prime Minister", so they must be identified via their actions and policies rather than their title. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. 10. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. Dictatorships have shallow levels of freedom. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. [40] Personalist dictatorships often collapse with the death of the dictator. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. What Are the Pros and Cons of Dictatorship? - eLawTalk.com [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [145] Dictatorships may hold semi-competitive elections to qualify for foreign aid, to demonstrate a dictator's control over the government, or to incentivize the party to expand its information-gathering capacity, particularly at the local level. They are not even defined terms of art within political science. Albania - Communist Regime 3. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine are the only democratic nations in the region, with Israel being the only nation in this region that affords broad political liberties to its citizens. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. [73], Dictatorships in Latin America persisted into the 20th century, and further military coups established new regimes, often in the name of nationalism. Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. Other countries with dictatorships and authoritarian rule, such as Cuba, Syria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus, could also be considered totalitarian governments. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. 12 Examples of Fascism in History (2023) - Helpful Professor [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. Kim Il-Sung The first leader of the North Korean dictatorship from 1948 until 1994, he established North Korea as a communist state. [1]:68. Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. Key dictators from 20th century Latin America Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. The dictator is the absolute ruler. Explore a few of the famous ones. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. Between 1950 and 2016, one-party dictatorships made up 57% of authoritarian regimes in the world,[26] and one-party dictatorships have continued to expand more quickly than other forms of dictatorship in the latter half of the 20th century. Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. [126] Four strategies of political control commonly employed by dictatorships are repression, indoctrination, coercive distribution, and infiltration. Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. The DD dataset covers the annual data points of 199 countries from 1946 (or date of independence) to 2008. Organizations that maintain moral authority with the public, such as the Church, are often the most targeted by infiltration. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. Democracies and Dictatorships in Latin America Elites in personalist dictatorships often do not have a professional political career and are unqualified for positions they are given. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 12:26. Its purpose is to collect information, mobilize society, and induce compliance with the dictatorships directives. Latin American Dictators - Leaders in Complete Control - ThoughtCo The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. 1. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD),[1] index of democracy and dictatorship[2] or simply the DD index[3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. Miguel Daz-Canel, the son of Ral Castro who replaced him as president of Cuba, has kept the dictatorship structure in place that was established by Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. A totalitarian government has "total control of mass communications and social and economic organizations". North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. Answer (1 of 9): Depends on what you mean by left-wing. Current Dictators Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un is North Korea's current dictator and the third generation Kim to rule the country, following the death of his father Kim Jong-il in 2011. Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. List of Famous Dictators - Ranker - Lists About Everything Voted On By It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. Nazi and fascist regimes in Europe, Communist single-party states, military juntas in Latin America and . If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. During his reign of terror, about 30,000 Haitians are estimated to have been assassinated, while thousands - mostly intelligence fled the country. Pros and Cons of Dictatorships | Vision Launch Media In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic and an oligarchy. [135] Negotiated removals are more likely to end in democracy, while removals by force are more likely to result in a new dictatorial regime. China - Communist Regime 4. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. Some of the multi-party states with governing communist parties include Brazil, Nepal, India, and Russia. Deadliest Dictator Regimes in History Maoist Catastrophe Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China. Examples of Fascism. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. Current dictatorships include Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, and North Korea. [34] When a one-party dictatorship develops gradually through legal means, in can result in conflict between the party organization and the state apparatus and civil service, as the party rules in parallel and increasingly appoints its own members to positions of power. Fidel Castro was one of the most iconic latin american dictators, who lived in the 20th century. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. Since the Korean War, North Korea has been ruled by a series of autocratic leaders. The totalitarian dictatorship in the People's Republic of China , from 1949 to the present. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), index of democracy and dictatorship or simply the DD index or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. Ruling parties allow a dictatorship to more broadly influence the populace and facilitate political agreement between party elites. Uganda. [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. [38] Due to the lack of accountability and the smaller group of elites, personalist dictatorships are more prone to corruption than other forms of dictatorship,[39] and they are more repressive than other forms of dictatorship. [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. Photo: Lars Klove. Like most dictators, they also often employ secret police and violence to silence critics. In their book "Dictators and Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders", authors Natasha M. Ezrow and Erica Frantz lay out five types of dictatorships: Power is obtained and maintained through military might. [119][120][121][122], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. While the People's Republic of China was initially aligned with the Soviet Union, relations between the two countries deteriorated as the Soviet Union underwent de-Stalinization in the late-1950s. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. [35][36] These dictatorships often emerge either from loosely organized seizures of power, giving the leader opportunity to consolidate power, or from democratically elected leaders in countries with weak institutions, giving the leader opportunity to change the constitution. In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. 3. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. Current Dictators - List of World Dictators From 2015-2022 - Planet Rulers This is often done via questionable means, including intimidation, imprisonment (lawful or not), physical violence, or even assassination. Brion Donal Cinhil Urien Haldane, 25th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1095 to 1120. Italy's Mussolini. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship?