first marine killed in vietnam first marine killed in vietnam

In April the U.S. Government agreed to deploy still more Marines to Vietnam and to permit those at Da Nang to engage in counterinsurgency operations. The year had brought a major buildup of U.S. Marine forces in Vietnam. Contact John Reynolds: john.reynolds@sj-r.com, 788-1524, twitter.com/JohnReynoldsSJR. 5 December 1968- FN Heriberto S. Hernandez, of . While Marines continued conducting pacification and counter-guerrilla operations, most of the heavy fighting in 1967 raged in the north of I Corps along the DMZ. For over 40 years the first American serviceman who died in Vietnam was in controversy. Bergmans team and an ARVN relief force were rapidly approaching from the east. finally recaptured after the opposition suffered nearly 1,900 killed. The Walking Dead kept marching, seeing action during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom in support of the Global War on Terror. Lebanon (1982-1984) 240. The battalion was engaged in combat for 47 months and 7 days, from 15 June 1965 to 19 October 1966 and 11 December 1966 to 14 July 1969. Despite operational successes, pacification in the densely populated areas in the Marines AOR remained a difficult process. Davis then ran west on the gravel road, turning and firing his carbine to draw enemy fire toward himself and away from other team members. This was mostly due in part to the high casualty rate the unit had suffered in multiple battles. The end of 1964 brought an end to the advisory and assistance phase of the Vietnam War. Stogner, who used an illumination round to his advantage, cut down three NVA before his M16 jammed. Few areas of the world have been as hotly contested as the India-Pakistan border. The two men, both U.S. Marines, were killed in a rocket attack one day before the Fall of Saigon . Instead of heading for safety, Stogner drew the only reliable weapon he had left, his Ka-Bar combat knife. An enemy. Stogners bravery would go formally unrecognized for more than 50 years, although that soon will change. His unit was on a patrol when someone ahead triggered a land mine. While I was in training, my motivation was to get these wings and I wear them today proudly, the airman recalled in 2015. Marine infantry, transported by helicopters, cleared out enemy positions in the rugged Happy Valley and Charlie Ridges areas, all supported by effective Marine fixed-wing aircraft. The flag that covered his coffin was folded and presented to his parents. They shot the American in the head, killing him. [12], On June 7, 2003, a section of Lee Avenue in Brooklyn, where Bullock had lived since age 11, was renamed in his honor. U.S. Marines and South Vietnamese forces repulsed all the attacks except at Hue. As the choppers headed south along the Kinh Xang canal they flew over portions of the pineapple plantation and passed a huge statue of Buddha sitting only a half-mile south of Cau Xang. intensification of the American involvement in the war in Vietnam, the On Saigons wish list were equipment, personnel and training to support an intelligence program to monitor the communications of the North Vietnamese-backed Viet Cong. A company of American soldiers brutally killed most of the peoplewomen, children and old menin the village of My Lai on March 16, 1968. All were returned to Saigon on an aircraft that was part of the 57th Transportation Company (Light Helicopter), which had arrived in Vietnam less than two weeks earlier. They were caught in a U-shaped ambush, receiving fire from the front and both flanks. History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. He stabbed one NVA in the chest before wrestling another to the ground and killing him too. In general we index the memorials at the lowest practical unit level. Marines still conducted aggressive campaigns against the enemy, most notably Colonel Edmund G. Dernings 7th Marines participation in Operation Pickens Forest and Colonel Paul X. Kelleys 1st Marines actions near Da Nang. By the end of March, nearly 5,000 Marines were at Da Nang, including two infantry battalions, two helicopter squadrons and supply and logistics units. This biographical article related to the United States Marine Corps is a stub. to take part in combat operations, as evidenced by the heavy fighting He added that the vigil is held regardless of the weather. But the cost had been high, with 3,000 Marines killed including the 3d Marine Division commander, Major General Bruno A. Hochmuth. By the end of the year, nearly all were in Vietnam. 1ST BN./ 3RD MARINES "HOME OF THE BRAVE" OPERATIONS and INFORMATION Republic of VIETNAM 1965 thru 1969 1965 (Over-view) Elevated to the presidency after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in November 1963, Lyndon B. Johnson fought a bitter campaign during the summer and fall of 1964 to be Mathes said that if you do the math, the 24-hour vigil breaks down to just 29 seconds for each or the 2,995 service members. Marine Corps: Private First Class: Qu Sn Mountains November 12, 1969: Although severely wounded multiple times by enemy fire, he continued to throw grenades at an enemy bunker until it was destroyed and he was killed by enemy gunfire. . [9][10][11], After he was interred, his grave site did not have a marker. While the invasion of Cambodia was the major military undertaking of 1970, only a limited number of Marine aviation assets were involved. He was killed by friendly fire March 14, 1965, just one week after two battalions of Marines landed near Da Nang, the first direct involvement of American combat units in the Vietnam War. The lead truck with Bergman was parked on the north shoulder of the road at an old French fort a hundred feet or so west of the Cau Xang Bridge when Davis request for one more transect came over the radio about 11:30 a.m. Meanwhile, Marine fixed-wing aircraft continued to strike targets as far north as Hanoi and Haiphong. As a mortarman, Horn was armed with only his .45-caliber pistol. In fact, the horrors of the fictionalThe Walking Deadtelevision series pale in comparison to the real horrors of Vietnam suffered by the Marines of the 1/9. 8. Searching for a unit before our index pages are complete. HALLETTSVILLE, Texas - Ronald Ridgeway was "killed" in Vietnam on Feb. 25, 1968. Forrester had joined the army in 1962, two years before the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution that led to the deployment of U.S. ground forces into Vietnam. On August 7, 1998, at the age of 21, Aliganga was killed by a car-bomb explosion, along with eleven fellow Americans, in the suicide bomb attack. They were the only father-son pair to die in Vietnam.) Singleton managed to identify and neutralize the enemy position that had inflicted heavy damage on his fellow Marines. Elmwood Cemetery, Goldsboro, Wayne County, North Carolina, U.S. "A Marine Too Young To Drive, Let Alone Die Pfc. The following general rules are observed: (2) AVIATION UNIT PERSONNEL in the Navy, Marines, and Air Force are indexed at the, (3) NAVAL PERSONNEL, other than aviation personnel, are indexed by, * During Operation Big Horn II, Stogners platoon was ambushed by the NVA. Arriving by helicopter, they picked up the wounded driver and retrieved the bodies of Davis and the nine dead ARVN soldiers. Despite these problems, the Marines continued to carry the fight to the enemy with several operations, most notably Operations Utah and Texas in southern I Corps and Operation Prairie in the north of I Corps. Through the years, the memorial has matured and developed into a unique place of tranquility and honor. Its with you all the time.. 4 James T. Tom Davis, age 25, the first American to die in a ground combat action in Vietnam. With no end to the war in sight, the prediction of a Vietnamese soothsayer would come true: 1966 would be a year of a lot of fighting and killing.. Their first ambush killed two Viet Cong. 85. In March 1966, 1st Marine Division The 1st Marines were the last Marine infantry unit to depart At this time our unit index pages are not complete. During 1970, the 1st Marine Division The choppers landed about 3 miles south of of Cau Xang. Unknown to Coates and the rest of the Marines of Bravo, they would soon make contact with the NVAin fact, Captain Coates was killed in action that very day. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. Later in the war and for many decades beyond, this would be known as The Lonely Buddha. Davis is Black, the . Based on a typical battalion strength of 800 Marines and Navy hospital corpsmen, 93.63% (747) were Killed In Action (KIA) and 0.25% (2) were Missing In Action (MIA). Shortly after Davis got the go-ahead, his truck came over the bridge and drove past Bergmans to get a better location for that last bearing. former deputy commander of XXIV Corps and commanding general of 3rd Marine Division in Vietnam. Leon Lochthowe, a Marine private first class, is credited with pulling another wounded Marine to safety during fierce fighting near the Khe Sanh Combat Base in April 1967. . The most recent mission took place on Dec. 18 when the unit detected very strong radio signals from the suspected transmitter. The association sponsors two $500 scholarships for Eagle Scouts attending Marshalltown High School in Marshalltown, Iowa (as a memorial to Eagle Scout Judge).[10]. Never completed, the McNamara Line drained III MAF of scarce men and materiel. Team 1 was headed by Bergman, a radio direction technician who took the front passenger seat in the cab of a 2-ton truck. Secondly, if you doregardless of rankstick around long enough, youll end up the commander. Previously, members of the military arrived as individuals and were placed in units after they were in-country. The 1 st Battalion first arrived in Vietnam in June 1965 as part of the troop increase and escalation that year as U.S. forces took over most combat operations from the South Vietnamese. He left his position of relative safety and made multiple trips to evacuate numerous wounded Marines out of the kill zone. He is listed by the U.S. Department of Defense as having a casualty date of June 8, 1956. The official US Department of Defense figure was 950,765 communist forces killed in Vietnam from 1965 to 1974. . In response, on 8 March 1965, the 9th Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) landed at Da Nang. You use of this website constitutes and manifests your acceptance of our, No Shit There I Was: John Nores, Infiltrating A Cartel Grow, No Shit There I Was: How I Became Part Of The Jessica Lynch Rescue, Weird History: There Were Over 600 Assassination Attempts On Fidel Castro. The figures amassed by the 1/9 during Operation Buffalo in terms of casualties, gallantry and number of enemies faced and destroyed are astounding. ARMY * The radio research troops were confident that they had acquired an accurate fix on its location. Marine. The lone exception was the Daily Iowan (Iowa City, Iowa). On 12 April, the 31st MAU, commanded by Colonel John F. Roche, executed a non-combatant evacuation, Operation Eagle Pull, the abandonment of the U.S. embassy in Phnom Penh prior to the citys capitulation to Communist Khmer Rouge forces. Corporal Mario Clayton Kitts was the son of Lucille M. Curry of Monticello, IN and Clayton H. Kitts. Once a unit assignment has been determined, a link to the individual's memorial page is included in the appropriate Unit Index. complete history, detailed through the divisions command chronologies, Meade River, which netted nearly 850 opponents killed. For 77 days the 26th Marines, commanded by Colonel David E. Lownds, held the embattled base against intense pressure by the North Vietnamese, who hurled as many as 1,000 shells a day into the Marine position. on Okinawa. operating in the Republic of Vietnam, as a process of "Vietnamization" A Friend Who Lives In Mount Laurel Is Pushing To Have That Sacrifice Recognized", "Only The Good Die Young: In Memory Of PFC. Dan Bullock, a US Marine, was the youngest American service member killed in the Vietnam War. Forget what you think you know aboutThe Walking Deadthe real Walking Dead, the 1st Battalion, 9th Marines (1/9), endured more hell on Earth in the jungles of Vietnam in the late 1960s than any fiction writer could ever recount. In the spring of 1964, Marine Detachment, Advisory Team One, commanded by Major Alfred M. Gray Jr., arrived to collect signals intelligence, thereby becoming the first Marine ground unit to arrive in the country. During 1965, 1st Marine Division units participated in Operations They Well be here every year as long as we can do it.. During the last battle of the Vietnam War, three U.S. Marines went missing: Marine Pvt. A full set of photographs of the event is available. Get in on the conversation on our social media pages or pick up a back issue at OutdoorGroupStore.com! I found out on Monday I am being awarded a Navy Cross. Better late than never, I suppose. The first major operation in the war Ambassador to South Vietnam Graham Martin speaks to the press aboard. The radio technicians would have to make calculations from only three positions along the same road. In early 1961, under increasing pressure from communist guerrillas, the South Vietnamese government requested additional assistance, including military support from the United States. Fighting to make their way back to the landing zone, the 1/9 Marines encountered a strange sight: an NVA soldier wearing Marine Corps fatigues removed from the body of a dead Leatherneck. From 1965 to 1975, nearly 500,000 Marines served in Southeast Asia. [4] He said he wanted to become a pilot, a police officer, or a U.S. Vietnam. In 1971, the Whether they produced battlefield images of the dead or daguerreotype portraits of common soldiers, []. I really didnt understand why he was home. Its rained on us, snowed and sleeted on us, Mathes said. Linebaugh cut both men down. He lives in Reisterstown, Maryland. The sole survivor of the ambush was Davis ARVN driver. It was there the NVA turned their attack on Alpha Company. During 1969, the division continued Remember Leonard today. He saw action in Korea and rose through the enlisted ranks to reach first sergeant. While McMahon and Judge were the last American ground casualties in Vietnam, they are not the last casualties of the Vietnam War (a term which also covers the U.S. involvement in Cambodia and Laos) recorded on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial; those names belong to the 18 Americans killed in the Mayaguez Incident. As early as 1520 A.D., Leonardo Da Vinci, the Renaissance genius who in addition to all else was a skilled marksman, picked off enemy soldiers from the walls of besieged Florence with a rifle of. First: Kenneth Shadrick (July 5, 1950) In 1948, 17-year-old Shadrick joined the Army after dropping out of high school. The hopes of the Marine commanders that increased troop strength would defeat the enemy proved unrealistic. Linda Kunkel still remembers when her brother, Marine Lance Cpl. 4 James T. Davis lost his life tracking down an enemy signal in Vietnam, James T. Tom Davis was sent to Vietnam in May 1961 with a secretive intelligence unit that went into the field with equipment to pinpoint enemy radio transmitters. The teams established a 3-mile baseline along Highway 10 near Cau Xang and waited for the Viet Cong transmissions to begin. Specialized units such as the SeaBees, Scout Dog and Combat Tracker units, Navy SEAL/UDT, etc., usually are indexed under the next higher command. He was killed in action during Operation DeSoto. . All but two died in Quang Nam, South Vietnam. [14] The former first two official casualties were U.S. Army major Dale R. Buis and Master Sergeant Chester Charles Ovnand who were killed on July 8, 1959. Richard B. Fitzgibbon Jr. Stogner then threw Fobbs over his shoulder, picked up the M60 and scrambled for safety. After decades of delay, Retired Army Col. Paris Davis is receiving the Medal of Honor he earned in Vietnam. The teams on the Dec. 22 mission had figured out the enemy radio transmission schedules on previous missions and planned to use those schedules to confirm the location of the transmitter. Of the Marines, more than 13,000, about 28% of the total, were killed in action. Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 362 was committed in April 1962 to Operation Shufly in South Vietnam, transporting, resupplying, and supporting Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) troops. The Regiment Operation Whitebirch was a 77-man unit established to target Viet Cong communication transmitters. These include the official unit command chronologies, after-action reports, message and journal files, various staff studies, oral histories, personal papers, and reference collections. "He wanted to be a pilot at first, a policeman and then a marine," his father, Brother Bullock, told The New York Times shortly after his son's death. USMC Casualty Statistic's - VietNam War. Davis survived the explosion unscathed. Bullock was born in Goldsboro, North Carolina. I wish he had been able to stick around, get married and have kids, Kunkel said. 15. The units colors were rolled for the final time so far in 2014. [11] After a high level review by the DoD and through the efforts of Fitzgibbon's family, the start date of the Vietnam war was changed to November 1, 1955. That area had a history of communist insurgency dating back to French colonial days. Vietnam War. On Saturday, during the annual Vietnam Veterans Vigil at Oak Ridge Cemetery, his story was shared with a crowd of more than 300. Other major operations in 1968 in The Vietnam Veterans Memorial of Greater Rochester, which has found its home in Highland Park South, has been a place of great pride since its dedication on September 8, 1996. Dan Bullock", "Who was the youngest U.S. soldier killed in the Vietnam War", "Brooklyn Marine was only 15 when he was killed in Vietnam", "Rest in Peace USMC PFC Dan Bullock; youngest Vietnam KIA at age 15", "PFC. Radio direction finding teams preferred to take bearings from several different directions, but this areas extensive wetlands and the lack of roads made that impossible. The figures show that of 2100000 men and women who served in V'nam, 58,152 or 2.7% were killed. However, the family of Fitzgibbon had long lobbied to have the start date changed and their cause was taken up by U.S. Representative Ed Markey (D-MA). Colonel Robert H. Barrows 9th Marines began Operation Dewey Canyon, perhaps the most successful high-mobility regimental-sized action of the war. Hue was By August they were involved in offensive combat operations as part of Operation Blastout a search and clear mission. On December 22nd, 1968, a man-eating tiger stalked an American team - part of the 3rd Marine Recon Battalion performing a patrol near Quang Tri, Vietnam. While the teams normally operated out of three-quarter-ton trucks, essentially pickup trucks, this time they requested three bigger 2-ton cargo trucks to carry a larger security group, a response to an ambush earlier that month near Duc Hoa. [12] The November 1955 date was chosen as the new start date because that was when the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) in Vietnam was separated out from "MAAG, Indochina". overran Hue, the old imperial capital. (Source: CNN/Pool) WASHINGTON (AP) Nearly 60 years after he was first recommended . All nine ARVN soldiers in the trucks cargo area died from the explosion or the subsequent VC gunfire. The operator draws a line on a map from his location outward in the direction of the signal. History remembers them as the last two American pilots to die in Vietnam, killed when their Marine Corps helicopter went into the South China Sea during the frantic . Hundreds of enemy soldiers were killed but the 24th NVA Regiment managed to escape into Laos. The Virtual Wall uses the Coffelt Database (CDB) for unit assignment information. 1968 marked a turning point for the war in Vietnam. Each team consisted of one American, several ARVN radio technicians and a small detachment of ARVN security personnel. On March 8, 1965, 3,500 Marines of the 9th Marine Expeditionary . A radio call was made to ASA headquarters at Tan Son Nhut. You never forget. First battlefield fatality was Specialist 4 James T. Davis who was killed on December 22, 1961. The NVA soldier had spotted them, and put two rounds into one of Horns fellow Marines. Following the Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964, the Marine Corps commitment to Southeast Asia expanded further. an outline of the 1st Marine Divisions Vietnam War Action. I served with Robert Keri in Vietnam in 1966 and 1967. He had been assigned to cleaning duty that night, but was transferred to the night watch after one Marine was wounded on night duty. After a year of negotiations, the remains of Cpl. By 18 March, the enemy base area had been cleared out, killing more than 1,600 enemy. Amongst the most recently recognized, is one unique soldier that enlisted at 14, went to Vietnam at 15, and died a month later. Then I heard and felt the explosion and the sound of automatic weaponsthen silence.. provinces of I Corps, Quang Tin and Quang Ngai. Dubbed Operation Kansas, the recon teams moved deep into enemy-held territory to observe and strike at the . On Saturday, during the annual Vietnam Veterans Vigil at Oak Ridge Cemetery, his story was. For his efforts Rittichier was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) 1 July 1968- Merchant Marine Detail Saigon established at the US Embassy . At a time when most men would have been content with retirement, Fox decided to start over again and became a second lieutenant. COAST GUARD *, Copyright 1997-2018 www.VirtualWall.org, Ltd (TM), Division level indexes are used for Division HQ and minor assigned unit personnel, Brigade level indexes are used for Brigade HQ and minor assigned unit personnel, Aviation Group level indexes are used for Group HQ and minor assigned unit personnel, Aviation Battalion level indexes are used for Bn HQ, minor assigned units, and Aviation Companies which stayed with a single Battalion throughout their time in Vietnam, Separate Battalion indexes are used for Battalions not assigned to a Regiment, Aviation Companies that served with two or more Aviation Battalions while in Vietnam are indexed separately. After graduating from West Point in 1969, Moore served in Germany as a lieutenant and then he . He processed through the recruiting station, and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps on September 18, 1968. It brings back memories, its hard. I had no idea it happened due to the fog, Fidel Castro was loathed by the ones he ruled over. A crucial turning point had been reached and 1965 brought about a major escalation in Marine combat activities in Vietnam. He had been there just a few weeks. By Matthew M. Burke On 01/24/17 at 9:00 AM EST. Darwin Judge was a 19-year-old Lance Corporal and Eagle Scout from Marshalltown, Iowa. In the typical process, once the transmissions begin an operator shoots a bearing using a radio direction finder, a receiver that picks up the transmitters signal and determines the direction its coming from. By the end of the year, Gen Walt commanded 42,000 Marines. He pulled his wounded ARVN driver from the vehicle, while still under intense fire, and shoved the man into a culvert to hide him from the Viet Cong. In 2019, a North Carolina state historical marker honoring his life was erected near his childhood home in Goldsboro NC. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Thousands of bombs were dropped and eleven American aircraft shot down with several more damaged beyond repair until the iron bridge finally fell in 1972. The small convoy was embarking on a mission west of Saigon. He also recalled how his unit killed Ho Chi Minhs nephew in battle. Walter Singleton posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions during Operation Prairie III in March 1967. We knew he had gotten through training and he was going on to the next step.. Horn took aim and fired, putting the NVA soldier down. Between 31 January and 2 March 1968, Jim Heather of Ashland, a Navy veteran, was one of the many former service members who attended the event. This is The soldiers of 1st Brigade (Separate) pursued the enemy and several large scale air attacks were called in. Television images of the fighting in Hue and Khe Sanh, and even at the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, eroded public support for the war. Horn clearly needed more than his .45, and he did not have to search long to find an M16. On the mission of the 18th, I was in the lead unit, and we had set up just off the edge of the road. Regiment began arriving in the Republic of Vietnam in August. But the Marines believed they had made significant strides toward pacification during 1967. for a battalion of the 1st Marines was Harvest Moon in December 1965. Reports indicated the Viet Cong were completely surprised by the speed with which the ARVN airborne troops surrounded them. may be obtained from BACM Research - PaperlessArchives.com at: http://www.paperlessarchives.com/vw-1st-marine-division.html, History of the 1st Marine On 15 May, a Marine Task Force under the command of Colonel John M. Johnson recovered theMayaguezand her crew, but not without high losses. War. Despite augmentation by the Armys Americal Division, III MAF remained stretched in both men and material. Following the failure of the Communists Easter Offensive and an intensive bombing campaign of North Vietnam, a peace treaty was finally signed in Paris on 27 January 1973. U.S. personnel in Vietnam in May 1961 were assigned to Military Assistance Advisory Group-Vietnam, formed in November 1955. Leonard was 19 years old & from Moundsville, West Virginia. Major General George William Casey (U.S. Army) Commanding General, 1st Cavalry Division. A 1962 graduate of Griffin High School, Achas was the first Marine killed in the Vietnam War. When the smoke cleared, action during the Vietnam War had added 747 Walking Dead Marines names to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. 1969 brought the end of combat operations in Vietnam for the 1/9, although it did not mark the last time this storied battalion would fight. He enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps on December 27, 1963 in Indianapolis, IN. In Vietnam he was assigned to Alpha Co., 1st Bn., 7th Marines, 1st Marine Division. This compound was a high-security area surrounded by barbed wire fences. When it ended, all but one member in the third truck would be dead. Bergmans team raced to help Davis and the 10 ARVN troops in his team. United States Marine recovers bodies of victims killed by South Korean Marines in Phong . After three years of fighting, the enemy still appeared far from beaten. By December, teams from the 3rd Radio Research Unit had begun to make forays into that area searching for a suspected communist transmitter. On the morning of Dec. 22, 1961, three trucks carrying members of the 3rd Radio Research Unit, their intelligence counterparts in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam and an ARVN security detail rolled out the gate of their compound at Tan Son Nhut Air Base on the outskirts of Saigon. From the outset, the new President, Richard M. Nixon, committed his administration to reducing the level of U.S. forces in Vietnam. MARINE CORPS * He lived in North Carolina until he was about 12, when his mother died and he and his younger sister, Gloria, moved to Brooklyn to live with their father and his wife. Arriving at Third Marine Division headquarters, then-1st Lt. Fox asked for an assignment to a rifle companya bold move for a command normally reserved for a captain. No sooner had the Marines evacuated the embassies than they were ordered by President Gerald R. Ford to rescue the crew of the USSMayaguez, which had been taken by the Khmer Rouge. First and last American casualties in Vietnam, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Major James H, Kean SSN/0802 USMC, After Action Report 17 April ~ 7 May 1975 p. 5 & 8, "Darwin Judge, LCPL, Marine Corps, Marshalltown IA, 29Apr75 01W124 - the Virtual Wall", "Name of Technical Sergeant Richard B. Fitzgibbon to be added to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial", Daily Iowan coverage of Darwin Judge funeral, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_McMahon_and_Darwin_Judge&oldid=1106217197, This page was last edited on 23 August 2022, at 18:03.